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Now, almost every device with a screen that Apple produces is equipped with Retina display. As Apple continues to create new devices, new marketing terms for Retina display have been introduced. Precision and innovation have always been a part of the iMac story. Bringing the Retina 5K display to the 27-inch iMac was no different. It meant making incredible leaps in design at every level — from reengineering the brains of the display to maintaining 1/100th of a micron tolerances within the display cell. Not to mention fitting four times as many pixels — and the power to drive them — inside. All without compromising the amazingly thin iMac design. This strategy is effective against a number of retinal diseases that have been studied, including neovascular diseases that are features of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Since the regulation of vascularization in the mature retina involves a balance between endogenous positive growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibitors of angiogenesis, such as pigment epithelium-derived factor ( PEDF), rAAV-mediated expression of PEDF, angiostatin, and the soluble VEGF receptor sFlt-1, which are all antiangiogenic proteins, have been shown to reduce aberrant vessel formation in animal models. [76] Since specific gene therapies cannot readily be used to treat a significant fraction of patients with retinal dystrophy, there is a major interest in developing a more generally applicable survival factor therapy. Neurotrophic factors have the ability to modulate neuronal growth during development to maintain existing cells and to allow recovery of injured neuronal populations in the eye. AAV encoding neurotrophic factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family members and GDNF either protected photoreceptors from apoptosis or slowed down cell death. [76]

Detached retina (retinal detachment) - NHS

The neural retina consists of several layers of neurons interconnected by synapses and is supported by an outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. The primary light-sensing cells in the retina are the photoreceptor cells, which are of two types: rods and cones. Rods function mainly in dim light and provide monochromatic vision. Cones function in well-lit conditions and are responsible for the perception of colour through the use of a range of opsins, as well as high-acuity vision used for tasks such as reading. A third type of light-sensing cell, the photosensitive ganglion cell, is important for entrainment of circadian rhythms and reflexive responses such as the pupillary light reflex.You may be asked to lie or sit in a particular position for up to 7 days after the surgery. This is so that your retina is in the correct position to help it heal. Recovering from a detached retina In addition, the retina has been described as a "window" into the brain and body, given that abnormalities detected through an examination of the retina can discover both neurological and systemic diseases. [61] Diagnosis [ edit ] Macular holes can lead to distorted vision and blind spots. If you have or think you may have a macular hole, surgery provides a promising chance of repairing it and preserving your eyesight. Professor James Bainbridge provides you with an in-depth understanding of macular hole surgery and aftercare. See more Experts in Retina

Retina display - Wikipedia Retina display - Wikipedia

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF). FAF may be used to determine the advancement of retinal diseases, including macular degeneration. FAF highlights a retinal pigment (lipofuscin) that increases with retinal damage or dysfunction. Low vision. National Eye Institute. https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/low-vision. Accessed Feb. 11, 2020.

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Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), 18 layers can be identified in the retina. The layers and anatomical correlation are: [24] [25] [26] Time-Domain OCT of the macular area of a retina at 800 nm, axial resolution 3 μm Spectral-Domain OCT macula cross-section scan. macula histology (OCT) Because macular degeneration is more common among older adults, eye doctors usually call it age-related macular degeneration (AMD).